• Presentation—introduces new information, checks learner comprehension of the new material, and models the tasks that the learners will do in the practice stage
• Practice—provides opportunities to practice and apply the new language or information
• Evaluation—enables the instructor and learners to assess how well they have grasped the lesson

What Are Some Practical Considerations in Planning Lessons?

A good lesson plan involves consideration of more than just what is going to be taught (the objective) and how it will be taught (materials, equipment, and activities). The following elements also need to be thought about and planned for:

• Sequencing—Do the activities move logically so learners are progressively building on what they already know? Do the activities flow well? Are transitions between activities smooth?
• Pacing—Are activities the right length and varied so that learners remain engaged and enthused?
• Gauging difficulty—Do the learners have enough skill and knowledge to do the planned activities? Are the instructions clear?
• Accounting for individual differences—Do the activities allow for learners of varying proficiency levels to receive extra attention they might need, whether below or above the norm? Are all students actively involved?
• Monitoring learner versus teacher talk—What is the balance between learner talk and teacher talk? Does the lesson allow a time for learners to interact, producing and initiating language?
• Timing—Was the amount of time allotted for each part of the lesson sufficient? If the planned lesson finishes early, is there a backup activity ready? If the lesson wasn't completed as planned, how can the next class be adjusted to finish the material?

Most of these aspects of lesson planning are learned by experience, so it is important for the instructor to evaluate how the lesson went at the end of each class period. Ask the following questions:

• What went well? Why?
• What did not go as planned? Why?
• If I had it to do over again, what would I change?
• What have I learned about my students that I can account for in future lesson planning?