Learning to Read and Write Overview Parent Education Topics Suggested Activities

Phonological Awareness

  • Phonemic awareness instruction helps children of all ages (National Reading Panel, 2000).
  • Few children develop phonemic awareness naturally. When teachers plan activities and interact with children to draw attention to phonemes, children's awareness develops (Neuman, Copple, & Bredekamp, 2000; Snow, Burns, & Griffin, 1998).


  • Using rhymes, songs and chants with children in English and the home language (3-5, K-3)
  • Using books in English to promote phonological awareness (3-5, K-3)
  • Helping children write words based only on sounds (K-3)


  • Demonstrate rhyming songs in English for parents; ask them to share rhyming songs in their home language (3-5, K-3)
  • Record parents singing a favorite song in their native language and provide copies for them to share (3-5, K-3)

Letters and Words

  • Letter and word knowledge is a precursor to a child becoming a productive reader (Snow, Burns, & Griffin, 1998).
  • Teachers can facilitate children's alphabetic learning through practice in recognizing, naming, and producing letters of the alphabet (Neuman, 2001).


  • Playing and experimenting with letters and their sounds (3-5)
  • Making letters with a variety of household materials (3-5)


  • Share ideas on how to use items in the home-alphabet soup or pasta, cereals, and cartons- to teach letters. (3-5)
  • Demonstrate the concept of letter walls and labeling (K-3)

Types of Text

  • When adults read to children regularly, children learn to distinguish the language used in books from conversational language (Neuman, Copple, & Bredekamp, 2000).
  • Children need to have access to an abundance of high-quality books and magazines on a daily basis (Burns, Griffin, & Snow, 1999).


  • Exploring different genres and how to read them with children (3-5, K-3)
  • Selecting a variety of children's reading material (All)
  • Exploring the different forms and functions of print (3-5, K-3)


  • Discuss different types of texts with parents
  • Provide parents the opportunity to interact with a variety of texts
  • Discuss the process of choosing appropriate books (All)